Google Scholar is described as 'Freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. Released in beta in November 2004, the Google Scholar index includes most peer-reviewed online journals of Europe and' and is a popular academic research tool in the education & reference category. There are more than 25 alternatives to Google Scholar, not only websites but also apps for a variety of platforms, including iPhone, Windows, iPad and Linux apps. The best Google Scholar alternative is Semantic Scholar, which is free. Other great sites and apps similar to Google Scholar are WorldCat, Scopus, AMiner and ResearchGate.
Semantic Scholar (paywall free) is a science publication aggregator that collects citation-data from PubMed, CiteSeer, IEEE etc and rank each article according to the percieved number of impactful citations.
United States
WorldCat is the world's largest network of library content and services. WorldCat libraries are dedicated to providing access to their resources on the Web, where most people start their search for information.
United States
Elsevier’s Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
Netherlands
EU
ArnetMiner (AMiner) is designed to search and perform data mining operations against academic publications on the Internet, using social network analysis to identify connections between researchers, conferences, and publications.
Enables users to upload and share scientific papers, connect with researchers globally, discover and follow research topics, access datasets, send direct messages, participate in discussions, track citation metrics, and explore academic job opportunities.
GermanyEU
Search engine for tens of millions of preserved research papers. This fulltext search index includes over 25 million research articles and other scholarly documents preserved in the Internet Archive.
United States
Scinapse is a free search engine for academic papers. As of September 2018, it indexes more than 200 million articles from more than 40,000 journals.
United States
BASE is one of the world's most voluminous search engines especially for academic web resources. BASE provides more than 300 million documents from more than 10,000 content providers. You can access the full texts of about 60% of the indexed documents for free (Open Access).
GermanyEU
Connected Papers is a unique, visual tool to help researchers and applied scientists find and explore papers relevant to their field of work.
Thomson Reuters Web of KnowledgeSM is a research platform that gives you access to objective content and powerful tools to search, track, measure and collaborate in the sciences, social sciences, arts, and humanities.
Elicit is an AI-powered research assistant designed to help users efficiently discover, organize, and analyze academic papers and insights.
United States
ResearchCollab is a web-based research collaboration platform designed to support individual researchers and teams throughout the research process.
United Kingdom
